The body’s internal clock, its circadian rhythm, influences metabolism and can guide decisions on when to indulge in junk food without compromising diet goals. Beyond the general principles of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, circadian rhythms affect various hormones and enzymes responsible for nutrient processing. For instance, insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, follows a diurnal pattern with increased sensitivity in the morning. So, if you eat sugary or starchy junk foods in the morning, your body might better utilize the energy provided. According to a study published in Biology in 2017, insulin sensitivity is higher in the morning, which means consuming sugary or starchy foods during breakfast time might lead to less of a spike in blood sugar levels compared to consuming them later in the day.
On the other hand, a study published in the International Journal of Obesity in 2018 shows that the hormone ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, is regulated by our circadian system. It peaks in the evening and reaches its lowest point in the morning. Sneaking a snack with some fat later in the day could help you feel more satisfied and less likely to go for seconds. Understanding these intricate connections between the circadian rhythm, hormones, and metabolism can provide valuable insights for individuals seeking to enjoy their favorite treats while maintaining a healthy diet.