Characterized by severe chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis is a result of abnormal tissue growth that takes place outside of the uterus (via WHO). This tissue is much like the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus, but when this growth occurs outside of the organ, it prompts scarring and inflammation. Little is known about the nature of endometriosis, as no cause, cure, or methods of prevention have been identified. In addition to the pain experienced in the midst of or after sexual intercourse, people with endometriosis may also experience pain during menstruation or when going to the bathroom. Bloating, nausea, heavy menstrual bleeding, difficulty getting pregnant, and fatigue are also known symptoms.
Dr. Dweck told Prevention that people who experience pain during or after sex are most often those with endometriosis, with this kind of cramping being among the top signs of the condition. Because there is no known cure, endometriosis can be tricky to treat. However, some medications or certain surgical procedures may help alleviate symptoms.